N O I S E :

Noise erupts in the density of data. As information theorists Shannon and Weaver suggest, information and noise are not opposites, but rather degrees of the same substance; and in a state of overload, they are identical.

p i l e s

The maximization of information means that everything—even waste—translates into data. But this same abundance of data sets is exactly what contributes to overload. In the state of noise, information both reveals and amplifies itself as waste.